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Usability Research · Personas

Finding the Person in the Data

classesusa.com, 2017
Funnel analytics
Audience segmentation
Persona development
Ideation workshops
A/B and multivariate testing
4
Research-grounded personas
3
Testing tracks
§01 · Lede

By 2017, the inquiry pathway at classesusa.com had been tested and refined for over a decade. On a funnel that mature, the easy wins were long gone. What remained required a different kind of approach.

Aggregate performance data was clear and largely consistent. Drop-off patterns were well understood. We knew how users moved through the funnel as a whole — where they stalled, how they typically answered questions, and which paths saw the most attrition.

On a funnel that mature, the easy wins were long gone.

What was less understood was whether distinct, targetable sub-segments existed within that broader population — groups defined enough by shared characteristics to warrant separate messaging, separate hypotheses, and their own experimental track.

The remit: surface those segments, characterize what drove and stopped each, and build a research-grounded testing roadmap the Consumer Experience team and marketing could work from.

§02 · Hypothesis

The larger segments were understood. Broad groupings had shaped the testing program for years — they were reliable enough to work from, but too blunt to generate new experimental directions on their own.

The question was whether the data held anything more actionable — whether smaller sub-segments could be identified that were distinct enough to characterize, and whether those could be combined into groups viable enough to test against.

No strong preconceptions about what those segments would look like. The funnel itself — 20 to 25 questions of demographic and behavioral signal — was the starting point. If meaningful structure was there, it would show up in the data.

§03 · The Work

The search started in the data. Responses were filtered through a series of source and demographic lenses in Tableau — age, education level, intent signals, and life-stage indicators — to look for patterns that held across enough users to be statistically meaningful. The goal wasn’t to confirm the broad groupings already in use, but to surface what they couldn’t.

Four segments emerged that cleared both bars — distinct enough to design experiments around, and large enough to reach statistical significance in a practical testing window. Each was developed into a persona — a working profile covering demographics, motivations, sources, decision barriers, and life-stage context. Designers across the team each handled different verticals independently. A structured cross-vertical review followed — personas compared, patterns pressure-tested against other contexts, and blind spots surfaced that isolated analysis would have missed.

Fig. 01Audience research pipeline · classesusa.com, 2017Scroll to reveal
L1Signal
Funnel responses in aggregate
L2Segments
Filtered for viability
L3Personas
Segments as individuals
L4Roadmap
Hypotheses into experiments
L1 · Signal
20–25 question funnel
Demographic lenses
Behavioral patterns
Tableau analysis
L2 · Segments
Statistical significance threshold
Segment distinctiveness
Experiment potential
Analytics validation
L3 · Personas
Demographic profile
Motivations and concerns
Decision barriers
Life-stage context
L4 · Roadmap
Messaging experiments
Design experiments
Device segmentation
Multivariate combinations

The segments and personas fed a series of ideations — sessions that ranged from structured techniques like brainstorming and brainwriting to open working discussions and reviews, depending on what the stage required. Core contributors were UX, product, and analytics; additional perspectives came from marketing, development, QA, and others depending on the session. The breadth of input was one of the more valuable aspects of the process — areas of the experience that read one way from a UX lens could look quite different from an analytics or dev perspective.

From those sessions, a testing roadmap took shape across three tracks: targeted A/B tests built around specific messaging points surfaced by the research; design experiments addressing layout and visual treatment; and a multivariate test combining multiple messaging changes with design variations — a broad-spectrum test to find the highest-performing combination across the full hypothesis set.

§04 · The Lesson

What it opened up, more than anything, was a different way of thinking about the audience — smaller segments viewed not just individually but in relation to each other, examined for combinations that might be viable to target, or crossovers that revealed shared characteristics across otherwise distinct groups. A potential matrix perspective, sitting alongside the hierarchical one that had always been there.

There’s a tendency in conversion work to reduce users to behavioral signals — drop-off rates, completion percentages, and response distributions. Building personas pushed against that. Assigning names, life contexts, motivations, and decision barriers to what had been aggregate data shifted the frame. The visitors became specific people with specific situations, and that specificity carried into how hypotheses for the experiments got framed.

The persona format reinforced that shift in a practical way. When ideating around messaging, having a specific individual in mind — their circumstances, what they were weighing, what might give them pause — produced more grounded hypotheses than approaching from “this segment tends to…” The granularity came naturally when thinking about a person.

The visitors became specific people with specific situations.

The roadmap fed into a testing program segmented by device and split across landing page and funnel — mobile carrying the highest volume, desktop running a comparable cadence, tablet on longer cycles given lower traffic. Wins were defined accordingly — modest conversion lifts held to high confidence thresholds, the standard for a funnel with nothing easy left. A few tests cleared that bar; the multivariate test — combining messaging and design variables across the combined hypothesis set — identified the highest-performing format, consistent with the outcomes noted above.

§ 05 Selected Artifacts 3 entries · classesusa.com, 2017
R-01
Audience persona cards
Research artifact
Four defined segments
2017
R-02
Segmentation analysis
Funnel analytics
Tableau, demographic lenses
2017
R-03
Testing roadmap
Experimentation strategy
Messaging and design experiments
2017